Mark A. Cella is a distinguished fellow of film studies at San Jose State University. He’s a published writer on Cinema History and Film Theory. He has directed over 35 shorts and documentaries, including the award winning “Marlboro House”, which took top prize at the 2006 Slamdance short competition.

Double System - The term double system refers to sound and picture as two separate elements, recorded, edited or projected in sync. 16mm and 35mm use the double system format. A camera photographs the picture and a tape recorder records the sound. In the end, the final print is Single System, combining sound and picture onto the same piece of print stock.

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